"žestъ" meaning in All languages combined

See žestъ on Wiktionary

Adjective [Proto-Slavic]

Etymology: See Proto-Slavic *žestokъ. Etymology templates: {{cog|sla-pro|*žestokъ}} Proto-Slavic *žestokъ Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], žestъ [masculine, nominative, singular], žesta [feminine, nominative, singular], žesto [neuter, nominative, singular], žesta [genitive, masculine, singular], žesty [feminine, genitive, singular], žesta [genitive, neuter, singular], žestu [dative, masculine, singular], žestě [dative, feminine, singular], žestu [dative, neuter, singular], žestъ [accusative, masculine, singular], žestǫ [accusative, feminine, singular], žesto [accusative, neuter, singular], žestomь [instrumental, masculine, singular], žestojǫ [feminine, instrumental, singular], žestomь [instrumental, neuter, singular], žestě [locative, masculine, singular], žestě [feminine, locative, singular], žestě [locative, neuter, singular], žeste [masculine, singular, vocative], žesto [feminine, singular, vocative], žesto [neuter, singular, vocative], žesta [dual, masculine, nominative], žestě [dual, feminine, nominative], žestě [dual, neuter, nominative], žestu [dual, genitive, masculine], žestu [dual, feminine, genitive], žestu [dual, genitive, neuter], žestoma [dative, dual, masculine], žestama [dative, dual, feminine], žestoma [dative, dual, neuter], žesta [accusative, dual, masculine], žestě [accusative, dual, feminine], žestě [accusative, dual, neuter], žestoma [dual, instrumental, masculine], žestama [dual, feminine, instrumental], žestoma [dual, instrumental, neuter], žestu [dual, locative, masculine], žestu [dual, feminine, locative], žestu [dual, locative, neuter], žesta [dual, masculine, vocative], žestě [dual, feminine, vocative], žestě [dual, neuter, vocative], žesti [masculine, nominative, plural], žesty [feminine, nominative, plural], žesta [neuter, nominative, plural], žestъ [genitive, masculine, plural], žestъ [feminine, genitive, plural], žestъ [genitive, neuter, plural], žestomъ [dative, masculine, plural], žestamъ [dative, feminine, plural], žestomъ [dative, neuter, plural], žesty [accusative, masculine, plural], žesty [accusative, feminine, plural], žesta [accusative, neuter, plural], žesty [instrumental, masculine, plural], žestami [feminine, instrumental, plural], žesty [instrumental, neuter, plural], žestěxъ [locative, masculine, plural], žestaxъ [feminine, locative, plural], žestěxъ [locative, neuter, plural], žesti [masculine, plural, vocative], žesty [feminine, plural, vocative], žesta [neuter, plural, vocative], no-table-tags [table-tags], žestъjь [masculine, nominative, singular], žestaja [feminine, nominative, singular], žestoje [neuter, nominative, singular], žestajego [genitive, masculine, singular], žestyję̇ [feminine, genitive, singular], žestajego [genitive, neuter, singular], žestujemu [dative, masculine, singular], žestěji [dative, feminine, singular], žestujemu [dative, neuter, singular], žestъjь [accusative, masculine, singular], žestǫjǫ [accusative, feminine, singular], žestoje [accusative, neuter, singular], žestyjimь [instrumental, masculine, singular], žestǫjǫ [feminine, instrumental, singular], žestyjimь [instrumental, neuter, singular], žestějemь [locative, masculine, singular], žestěji [feminine, locative, singular], žestějemь [locative, neuter, singular], žestъjь [masculine, singular, vocative], žestaja [feminine, singular, vocative], žestoje [neuter, singular, vocative], žestaja [dual, masculine, nominative], žestěji [dual, feminine, nominative], žestěji [dual, neuter, nominative], žestuju [dual, genitive, masculine], žestuju [dual, feminine, genitive], žestuju [dual, genitive, neuter], žestyjima [dative, dual, masculine], žestyjima [dative, dual, feminine], žestyjima [dative, dual, neuter], žestaja [accusative, dual, masculine], žestěji [accusative, dual, feminine], žestěji [accusative, dual, neuter], žestyjima [dual, instrumental, masculine], žestyjima [dual, feminine, instrumental], žestyjima [dual, instrumental, neuter], žestuju [dual, locative, masculine], žestuju [dual, feminine, locative], žestuju [dual, locative, neuter], žestaja [dual, masculine, vocative], žestěji [dual, feminine, vocative], žestěji [dual, neuter, vocative], žestiji [masculine, nominative, plural], žestyję̇ [feminine, nominative, plural], žestaja [neuter, nominative, plural], žestъjixъ [genitive, masculine, plural], žestъjixъ [feminine, genitive, plural], žestъjixъ [genitive, neuter, plural], žestyjimъ [dative, masculine, plural], žestyjimъ [dative, feminine, plural], žestyjimъ [dative, neuter, plural], žestyję̇ [accusative, masculine, plural], žestyję̇ [accusative, feminine, plural], žestaja [accusative, neuter, plural], žestyjimi [instrumental, masculine, plural], žestyjimi [feminine, instrumental, plural], žestyjimi [instrumental, neuter, plural], žestyjixъ [locative, masculine, plural], žestyjixъ [feminine, locative, plural], žestyjixъ [locative, neuter, plural], žestiji [masculine, plural, vocative], žestyję̇ [feminine, plural, vocative], žestaja [neuter, plural, vocative]
  1. rigid, hard, stiff Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: *tvьrdъ, *koravъ Derived forms: žestъkъ (english: hard, rigid), žestokъ (k-extensions) (english: hard, harsh, bitter, severe), žestěti, žestiti (english: to harden, to stiffen), žestostь (english: hardness, severity), žestyľь, žestika (english: type of maple; South Slavic), žestosьrdъ (literally: stone-hearted) (english: ungrateful) Related terms: žestь, žestina (english: rigidity, stiffness)
    Sense id: en-žestъ-sla-pro-adj-MsrG-uO~ Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "жестъ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: жестъ (žestŭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: жестъ (žestŭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "жестъ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: жестъ (žestŭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic: жестъ (žestŭ)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*žestokъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *žestokъ",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See Proto-Slavic *žestokъ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestomь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestojǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestomь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žeste",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestoma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestoma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestoma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestoma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestomъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestamъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestomъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestěxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestaxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestěxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestъjь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestoje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestajego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestajego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestujemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestujemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestъjь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestǫjǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestoje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjimь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestǫjǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjimь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestějemь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestějemь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestъjь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestoje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestuju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestuju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestuju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestuju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestuju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestuju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestiji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestъjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestъjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestъjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjimъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjimъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjimъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjimi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjimi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjimi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestiji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žestъ",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "hard, rigid",
          "word": "žestъkъ"
        },
        {
          "english": "hard, harsh, bitter, severe",
          "roman": "k-extensions",
          "word": "žestokъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "žestěti"
        },
        {
          "english": "to harden, to stiffen",
          "word": "žestiti"
        },
        {
          "english": "hardness, severity",
          "word": "žestostь"
        },
        {
          "word": "žestyľь"
        },
        {
          "english": "type of maple; South Slavic",
          "word": "žestika"
        },
        {
          "english": "ungrateful",
          "roman": "literally: stone-hearted",
          "word": "žestosьrdъ"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rigid, hard, stiff"
      ],
      "id": "en-žestъ-sla-pro-adj-MsrG-uO~",
      "links": [
        [
          "rigid",
          "rigid"
        ],
        [
          "hard",
          "hard"
        ],
        [
          "stiff",
          "stiff"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "žestь"
        },
        {
          "english": "rigidity, stiffness",
          "word": "žestina"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*tvьrdъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "*koravъ"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "žestъ"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "hard, rigid",
      "word": "žestъkъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "hard, harsh, bitter, severe",
      "roman": "k-extensions",
      "word": "žestokъ"
    },
    {
      "word": "žestěti"
    },
    {
      "english": "to harden, to stiffen",
      "word": "žestiti"
    },
    {
      "english": "hardness, severity",
      "word": "žestostь"
    },
    {
      "word": "žestyľь"
    },
    {
      "english": "type of maple; South Slavic",
      "word": "žestika"
    },
    {
      "english": "ungrateful",
      "roman": "literally: stone-hearted",
      "word": "žestosьrdъ"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "жестъ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: жестъ (žestŭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: жестъ (žestŭ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "жестъ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: жестъ (žestŭ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic: жестъ (žestŭ)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*žestokъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *žestokъ",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See Proto-Slavic *žestokъ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestomь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestojǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestomь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žeste",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestoma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestoma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestoma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestoma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestomъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestamъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestomъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestěxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestaxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestěxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žesta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestъjь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestoje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestajego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestajego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestujemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestujemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestъjь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestǫjǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestoje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjimь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestǫjǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjimь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestějemь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestějemь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestъjь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestoje",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestuju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestuju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestuju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestuju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestuju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestuju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestěji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "neuter",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestiji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestъjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestъjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestъjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjimъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjimъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjimъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjimi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjimi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjimi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyjixъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestiji",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestyję̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "žestaja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žestъ",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "žestь"
    },
    {
      "english": "rigidity, stiffness",
      "word": "žestina"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Slavic adjectives",
        "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Slavic hard adjectives",
        "Proto-Slavic lemmas"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rigid, hard, stiff"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rigid",
          "rigid"
        ],
        [
          "hard",
          "hard"
        ],
        [
          "stiff",
          "stiff"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*tvьrdъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "*koravъ"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "žestъ"
}

Download raw JSONL data for žestъ meaning in All languages combined (13.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (58c391d and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.